幫忙翻譯一下~~~英翻中!!(20點)文句要通順! - 社會議題
By Andy
at 2007-04-06T00:00
at 2007-04-06T00:00
Table of Contents
請幫忙翻譯幾句英文句子~~~請別直接拿翻譯軟體所翻的句子給我! 謝謝!!
(1)Research by Paul Johnson provides empirical support for this curve, showing that it in a sample of fifty groups, the extent of direct mail activity was a function of size, and that among small groups, such activity dropped off altogether.
(2)The evolution toward information abundance should affect this curve by reducing the threshold effect and, in some cases, reducing the overall resources required for a particular level of collective effort.
(3)As the flow of information inside political organizations grows increasingly independent of people's official functions or roles, one of the foundations of Weberian bureaucracy is weakened: the formal distinction among roles and the segregation of information and communication as a function of those roles.
(4)Some postbureaucratic features of politics extend back into the third information revolution, particularly in the phase of channel abundance, while others extend further back into trends in civil society and interest group politics of the 1960s and '70s.And as Samuel Kernell and others have noted, changes in communication patterns over the last few decades of the twentieth century undermined "institutionalized pluralism" and contributed to a more "individualized pluralism."
(5)Collective action is typically broad-based and oriented toward entire memberships, with the organization seeking to act as a whole on the basis of centrally determined priorities.
(6)Collective action is often narrowly focused on subsets of members or affiliates, with the organization reconfiguring itself between issues in opportunistic responses to the flow of political events.
(1)Research by Paul Johnson provides empirical support for this curve, showing that it in a sample of fifty groups, the extent of direct mail activity was a function of size, and that among small groups, such activity dropped off altogether.
(2)The evolution toward information abundance should affect this curve by reducing the threshold effect and, in some cases, reducing the overall resources required for a particular level of collective effort.
(3)As the flow of information inside political organizations grows increasingly independent of people's official functions or roles, one of the foundations of Weberian bureaucracy is weakened: the formal distinction among roles and the segregation of information and communication as a function of those roles.
(4)Some postbureaucratic features of politics extend back into the third information revolution, particularly in the phase of channel abundance, while others extend further back into trends in civil society and interest group politics of the 1960s and '70s.And as Samuel Kernell and others have noted, changes in communication patterns over the last few decades of the twentieth century undermined "institutionalized pluralism" and contributed to a more "individualized pluralism."
(5)Collective action is typically broad-based and oriented toward entire memberships, with the organization seeking to act as a whole on the basis of centrally determined priorities.
(6)Collective action is often narrowly focused on subsets of members or affiliates, with the organization reconfiguring itself between issues in opportunistic responses to the flow of political events.
Tags:
社會議題
All Comments
By Una
at 2007-04-09T06:27
at 2007-04-09T06:27
(2)對於資料豐富的進化應該藉由減少入口效果影響這一個曲線和,在一些情形,減少對特別水準的集體努力是必需的整體的資源。
(3)當資料的流程在政治組織內不依賴人的官方功能或者角色逐漸地變, Weberian 官僚的基礎之一被削弱: 如一個那些角色的功能在角色和資料和溝通的分離之中的正式區別。
(4)一些職位政治的官僚特徵延伸返回第三個資訊革命,特別地在頻道豐富的階段中,當其它在市民的社會和利益團體中進入趨勢之內更進一步向後地延伸 1960 年代的政治時候和’70 年代。而且如塞繆爾 Kernell 和其它已經注意,在二十的世紀的最近幾十年上的溝通典型的改變挖 " 使兼任組織化 " 而且成為的因素更多的 "個別化兼任. " 的下面
5)集體的行動典型有廣泛基礎而且對於整個的會員資格定向,藉由整體而言根據在中心堅決的優先尋求行動的組織。
(6)集體的行動狹窄地時常把重心集中在成員或加入者的子集,藉由在對政治事件的流程的在機會主義的反應的議題之間再配置它本身的組織。
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