英文高手請進20點是屬於你的!!!英翻中禁翻譯軟體 - 社會議題

China has a long tradition that views the origination of ideas and the role of the individual person in ways that are not conducive to the development of Western-style intellectual property protection regimes. Even after the June 1996 agreement between the United States and China regarding pirating of copyrighted material had been reached, many in the affected U.S. industries held little hope for significant changes in Chinese behavior.

Although the Islamic nations are changing their laws, the traditional views of the origination of knowledge and nature of property rights remain and attempts to change them, within Islamic societies, must be seen as part of a larger dialogue within that culture regarding the immutability of truth and knowledge. This struggle has to do with whether conclusions drawn because of ijtihad, the exercise of reasoned judgment, can be changed after they have been formed. The argument that “the door of ijtihad” remains closed – as it was in the ninth century – relies on the notion that God’s truth, when found, is eternal and cannot change. Some argue that reopening the “door” is justified by changes in the historical, political, and social reality confronting the Muslim world today. This Vogel details the historical struggle between the authority of judges and the power of political authority, indicating that the door might not be as closed as has been assumed. The protection of intellectual property finds itself caught in this larger struggle between the logical conclusions of a past, in which intellectual property protection was not an issue, and the modern realities, which require the establishment of intellectual property protection. Until this broader question of the origination – and therefore infallibility – of knowledge can be resolved, adoption and enforcement of Western intellectual property protection, in spirit as well as in letter, is unlikely.