<緊急>徵求英文達人翻譯文章(中翻英)----贈20點 - 社會議題

Rachel avatar
By Rachel
at 2006-06-13T00:00

Table of Contents

由於時間緊急,徵求英文較好的達人幫忙翻譯此篇文章。
這是一篇研究報告,需要將中文翻成英文,
我已經將專業關鍵字放入,可以參酌並配合文法使用,
謝謝好心人士伸出援手唷!感激不盡!
易思差不多即可,不用逐字翻譯。
翻譯文章如下:
本研究由罕見疾患及其家庭觀點切入,探究(Explore)其家庭壓力、因應策略與社會支持。早期文獻(literature)著重患者本身的「疾病障礙」(disease bar)及「需求」(need),爾後焦點轉移至主要照顧者--母親調適及心路歷程,最近社會福利、法令等人民權益才稍微受到重視,由於相關研究不多,雖然媒體(mass media)的報導曾引起大眾關切,因不了解而有疑慮,容易將罕見疾患等同於身心障礙者(Handicapped Patients),而忽略患者與照顧者的真正需求。
本研究採取質性研究(quality)之半結構訪談,選取高雄市的21個罕見疾患家庭,包含患者(Patients)、主要照顧者(Primary caregiver)或其他家庭成員35人。研究目的旨在瞭解罕見疾患的家庭壓力與因應策略,並詮釋(interpret)其適應歷程的深層意義,罕見疾患家庭壓力與因應策略,研究結果歸納臚列如下。
壹、罕見疾患之家庭壓力
一、家庭壓力歸納為患者照護(care)、家庭、社會、醫療及教育五大層面,其中以患者的身體狀況及其功能日益惡化,導致所有的壓力源中「患者照護之壓力」為罕見疾患家庭最大壓力感受。
二、家庭壓力受到主要照顧者自我歸因(ascription),其他家庭成員之接納與協助程度影響甚鉅,尤其配偶的態度決定整體家庭穩定程度的關鍵因素。
三、罕見疾患與社會大眾接觸時的負向人際互動、能見度低、社會比較等,以及社會角色的期望所帶來的性別框制,影響家庭對社會壓力的感受程度。
四、醫生專業的宣判常令人無法招架,心急如焚的求醫心情,在需要復健之下,執行醫療行為時更應考慮人權。
五、教育環境無障礙設施不足,及教育政策配套措施不完備的現狀有待改善。而教師的態度也是家庭情緒性支持的來源。
貳、罕見疾患之因應策略
一、正向之調適:運用合理化(rationalization or to rationalize)或是補償作用(compensation )的詮釋減輕焦慮程度,立即付諸行動積極解決問題,或重新調整、降低期待,並透過參與活動或運動來增強自我,轉移注意力。
二、負向之調適:將問題訴諸命運,宿命論造成被動接受安排,順其自然的放任及擱置不理,形成放棄或逃避,無力改變,活在自憐自哀的情緒裡。
三、社會支持分為「情緒性支持」、「工具性支持」、「訊息性支持」,皆包含所感知及需要獲得的支持兩部部分,其中以情緒性支持為最為重要的因素。
本研究發現罕見疾患家庭壓力已經超乎一個家庭所能負荷的範疇,故期望透過本研究歸納重要結論,讓社會大眾及相關單位對罕見疾患之家庭壓力及其因應歷程有更深入了解,進而以一個公共議題嚴肅面對,審慎考量如何介入適當的社會福利政策與相關措施,提供更適切之協助以提升罕見疾患之照護品質,不僅對患者提供更周全的身心照護,更能協助其家庭功能的正常運作。因此,本研究基於社會關懷切入研究,企盼拋磚引玉為罕見疾患爭取合理權益,盡棉薄之力。
關鍵字:罕見疾病、家庭壓力、因應策略、社會支持、特殊教育
Rare disorders、family stress、Coping Strategies、social support、special education
1.罕見疾患 Rare Disorders Patients
2. 情緒性支持 emotional support
3. 工具性支持(instrumental support)
4. 訊息支持(informational support)
5. 調適或適應 accommodation

All Comments

Delia avatar
By Delia
at 2006-06-14T08:55
您好,為了讓這篇文章更通順,有許多句子的先後順序跟您的原稿不太一樣,我也加入了一些修飾詞,但並沒有更改文章的本意。
This research attempts to explore factors such as strains of the family, coping strategies and social support on patients of rare disorders and their families. Early literature tends to focus on variables such as disease bar, needs of the patients and lately, the adaptive behavior and the psychological status of the primary caregiver – the mothers. It was not until recently had their importance been given attention in public welfare and legislation. Although issues like these had once drawn the public’s concern from reports of the mass media, people tend to ignore the real needs of the patients and their families due to lack of understanding. This is because research related to these topics had not been adequately explored, and people easily mistaken patients of rare disorders for handicapped patients.
This research adopts a qualitative, semi-structured interview. Samples comprise of 35 people extracted from 21 families of the patients of rare disorders in the Gaoxiong City. This includes the patients, the primary caregivers and other members of the family. The aim of the research is to understand factors such as stress of the family and the coping strategies and hence interpret the course of their psychological and behavioral adaptations.
The factors of family stress and the subsequent coping strategies are summarized below:
(A) Family stress
1.There are five contributors to family stress, namely, patient care, the family, society, treatment and education. Among which, patient care is the most strongly experienced source of strain that the family endure, due to gradually deterioration of the patient’s bodily functions and physique. (放不下了 剩下的在補充意見裡)
2006-06-15 03:35:11 補充:
2.The effect of ascription from the primary caregiver plays a vital role in influencing the degree of assistance and admittance in members of the family, toward the patient, and hence affects the level of felt strains.
2006-06-15 03:36:13 補充:
3.Variables such as negative interpersonal interaction, low public exposure, social comparison and socially-expected gender identity also exert their influence on the level of stress felt by families of rare disorder patients.
2006-06-15 03:37:25 補充:
4.The way that medical diagnosis is given also contributes to the family’s level of pressure. Humanitarian measures should be taken in medical treatment and during the confrontation with the family
2006-06-15 03:38:04 補充:
5.The inadequate public facilities and social policies for psychologically or physically hindered individuals in our country deserve further development. Moreover, the attitude of educators also provides sources of social support for inflicted families.
2006-06-15 03:39:20 補充:
(B) Coping strategies
1.Positive accommodation
Techniques such as rationalization or compensation may be adopted to alleviate the patients and their families’ stress level. Other techniques include, actively engage in solving the problem, lower one’s expectation,
2006-06-15 03:40:56 補充:
and participate in community service to increase level of confidence and to distract the attention.
2.Negative accommodation
Patients or families who adopt the belief of fatalism tend to ascribe the sickness as one’s destiny and evade into pessimisticness
2006-06-15 03:42:16 補充:
that no actions may be taken to change the status quo. Therefore, they live in a self-evident cycle of negative mentality.
3.Social support
There are three types of social support, namely, emotional support, instrumental support and informational support,
2006-06-15 03:50:44 補充:
with emotional support exerts the greatest influence.All of which possess elements of emphatic understanding and the needs of assistance.The results of the research indicate that the load of a rare disorder patient exceeds his or her family’s capacity to endure.
2006-06-15 03:52:58 補充:
This research attempts to summarize the major research outcomes of stress levels and the course of accommodation in rare disorder patients and their families in an effort to raise public awareness,to encourage further improvement in social welfare and related interventions from the government,
2006-06-15 03:57:31 補充:
接補充的最後一段 and to provide appropriate and quality assistance.Moreover,this may also help the families to function properly.From a humanitarian stance,it is hoped that this research may break the ice and help introduce the issue to the public
2006-06-16 02:25:40 補充:
(接回答中的補充意見 2006-06-15 3:57)(全文的最後一句) so as to obtain sensible rights for the inflicted of our society.
不好意思 這樣分段放 希望你的眼睛沒有花掉 @-@~~

澎湖旅遊…建議住宿及行程安排…(7/6~7/11)

Jake avatar
By Jake
at 2006-06-12T00:00
7/6~7/11想去澎湖旅遊,四個人三天兩夜不知道怎麼安排才可以玩的盡興愉快,可以給些建議嗎?還有機位或是住宿嗎??�� ...

請問中正大學和暨南大學

Hazel avatar
By Hazel
at 2006-06-12T00:00
請問中正大學社會福利研究所和暨南大學社會福利政策研究所,哪間比較好呢
請說明好在哪,謝謝!

突然在3天之內手臂上長滿了斑~~!!!!!救救...

Sandy avatar
By Sandy
at 2006-06-12T00:00
我在第一天手上長了一些斑~不以為意...第2天嚇死了~竟然擴散!!第3天更多..而且怪的是..只有左手臂有長~去看醫生� ...

全世界最污染的城市是?

Hardy avatar
By Hardy
at 2006-06-12T00:00
全世界最污染的城市是?前20大污染的城市是?為甚麼?(評分標準)請提出根據與出處?

政黨政治制度化

Dinah avatar
By Dinah
at 2006-06-12T00:00
首先,想請問一下
什麼是政黨政治的制度化?
另外
政黨政治制度化程度較低的政黨是不是就是指不成熟的政黨和虛弱的政黨?
這是指一樣的� ...